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#SVML Sovereign Metals LTD – Kasiya’s Graphite Suitable for Refractory Use
KASIYA’S GRAPHITE SUITABLE FOR REFRACTORY USE
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Kasiya graphite concentrate confirmed to meet or exceed all critical characteristics required for refractory applications |
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Refractories market is the second largest end-user of natural graphite (24%) after batteries sector (52%) |
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Refractories use coarser (larger) flake graphite products, which typically attract a premium over smaller flake-size products used in the batteries sector |
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In Q4 2024, graphite usable in refractories achieved prices up to US$1,193/t versus smaller flake graphite used in the batteries sector, which sold for US$564/t |
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Kasiya’s incremental cost of graphite production per the recently announced Optimised Prefeasibility results is US$241/t (FOB) |
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Leading German laboratories ProGraphite and Dorfner Anzaplan completed a comprehensive testwork program of Kasiya’s graphite concentrate |
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Results will be used for customer engagement and potential offtake discussions |
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Previous testwork has already confirmed that Kasiya’s graphite can produce outstanding battery anode material |
Sovereign Metals Limited (ASX:SVM; AIM:SVML; OTCQX: SVMLF) (Sovereign or the Company) is pleased to announce that testwork completed on graphite from the Company’s Kasiya Rutile-Graphite Project (Kasiya or the Project) has confirmed Kasiya’s graphite has the key characteristics required for use in refractory applications. The comprehensive testwork programs were completed by ProGraphite GmbH (ProGraphite) and Dorfner Anzaplan (DA) in Germany and demonstrated that Kasiya graphite concentrate contains very low sulphur levels and the absence of other impurities of concern, providing a competitive advantage over other current and potential sources of graphite supply.
Managing Director and CEO Frank Eagar commented: “The refractories market is the second largest end-user of natural graphite and requires larger, coarser graphite flakes with specific chemical and physical properties. We know that almost 70% of Kasiya’s graphite meets the size requirements for refractory applications. Today’s results confirm that our graphite product also meets or exceeds the key chemical and physical properties required to sell into the refractory market.
Combining these results with the excellent results for anode materials testing highlights the premium quality of Kasiya graphite concentrate and provides a very strong foundation for sales and marketing discussions.”
Kasiya Graphite Testwork Update
Sovereign has now completed testwork programs to confirm the suitability of graphite from Kasiya as a product for the two largest end-use markets for natural flake graphite i.e. refractory applications and anode material for use in lithium-ion batteries. Together, these two sectors account for over three-quarters of global natural graphite demand (see Figure 1).
Graphite products for refractory applications typically require larger flake sizes than the smaller graphite flake products used to produce battery anode materials. Larger flake size graphite products tend to attract significantly higher prices than smaller flake products.
In Q4 2024, Syrah Resources Limited (the world’s largest, publicly listed natural graphite producer outside of China) reported a price for smaller flake graphite concentrate to be used for battery anode production of US$564 per tonne (CIF) based on third-party sales. In December 2024, large flake graphite used in the refractory sector achieved prices of up to US$1,193/t (based on data from Benchmark Mineral Intelligence).
The incremental cost of producing a tonne of graphite from Kasiya under Sovereign’s recently announced Optimised Prefeasibility Study is US$241/t (see ASX announcement “Kasiya – Optimised PFS Results” dated 22 January 2025).
Figure 1: Uses of Graphite (Source: European Advanced Carbon and Graphite Association)
Refractory Application Testwork Results Summary
Flake graphite concentrate generated from Kasiya samples were tested for traditional, refractory applications at two leading European laboratories ProGraphite and DA, with the following findings:
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Table 1: Graphite Requirements for Refractory Applications |
Kasiya Graphite |
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High purity graphite concentrate with little impurities |
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High grade, large flakes within graphite concentrate |
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High melting temperature for flake ash residue after combusting graphite |
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High oxidation resistance of graphite concentrate |
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Low levels of volatiles in concentrate |
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Low levels of problematic mineral impurities, including sulphur |
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Low levels of “springback” from compression |
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Customer Engagement and Offtakes
The global refractory market is an estimated €20 Billion worldwide industry and is the largest traditional market for natural flake graphite. Natural flake graphite is added to refractories to improve performance.
Refractories are used to line furnaces and vessels to support high-temperature processing across a wide range of industries, including iron and steel production, non-ferrous metals, cement and lime, glass, and chemicals.
According to the global leader in refractories, RHI Magnesita NV, steel production is the major consumer of refractories, accounting for 60% of global demand. Each tonne of steel requires approximately 10-15kg of refractories.
Other key companies in the refractories market include Vesuvius plc, Krosakai Harima Corporation, Puyang Refractories Group, Chosun Refractories Co, Imerys SA, Shinagwa Refractories, Saint-Gobain, Morgans Advanced Materials and Calderys.
The successful assessment of Kasiya coarse flake for refractory applications will be used for customer engagement and offtake discussions.
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Enquires |
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Frank Eagar, Managing Director & CEO South Africa / Malawi + 27 21 140 3190
Sapan Ghai, CCO London +44 207 478 3900 |
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Nominated Adviser on AIM and Joint Broker |
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SP Angel Corporate Finance LLP |
+44 20 3470 0470 |
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Ewan Leggat Charlie Bouverat |
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Joint Brokers |
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Stifel |
+44 20 7710 7600 |
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Varun Talwar |
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Ashton Clanfield |
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Berenberg |
+44 20 3207 7800 |
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Matthew Armitt |
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Jennifer Lee |
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Buchanan |
+ 44 20 7466 5000 |
Competent Person Statement
The information in this report that relates to Metallurgical Testwork is based on information compiled by Dr Surinder Ghag, PhD., B. Eng, MBA, M.Sc., who is a Member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (MAusIMM). Dr Ghag is engaged as a consultant by Sovereign Metals Limited. Dr Ghag has sufficient experience, which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking, to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the ‘Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves’. Dr Ghag consents to the inclusion in the report of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.
The information in this report that relates to Exploration Results is based on information compiled by Mr Malcolm Titley, a Competent Person who is a member of The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM). Mr Titley consults to Sovereign Metals Limited and is a holder of ordinary shares and unlisted performance rights in Sovereign Metals Limited. Mr Titley has sufficient experience that is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity being undertaken, to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the ‘Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves’. Mr Titley consents to the inclusion in the report of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.
The information in this announcement that relates to operating costs is extracted from an announcement dated 22 January 2025, which is available to view at www.sovereignmetals.com.au. Sovereign confirms that: a) it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in the original announcement; b) all material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the Production Target, and related forecast financial information derived from the Production Target included in the original announcement continue to apply and have not materially changed; and c) the form and context in which the relevant Competent Persons’ findings are presented in this presentation have not been materially modified from the original announcement.
Forward Looking Statement
This release may include forward-looking statements, which may be identified by words such as “expects”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “projects”, “plans”, and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are based on Sovereign’s expectations and beliefs concerning future events. Forward looking statements are necessarily subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside the control of Sovereign, which could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements. There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be correct. Sovereign makes no undertaking to subsequently update or revise the forward-looking statements made in this release, to reflect the circumstances or events after the date of that release.
The information contained within this announcement is deemed by the Company to constitute inside information as stipulated under the Market Abuse Regulations (EU) No. 596/2014 as it forms part of UK domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (‘MAR’). Upon the publication of this announcement via Regulatory Information Service (‘RIS’), this inside information is now considered to be in the public domain.
Appendix 1: Detailed Refractory Application Testwork Results
High purity graphite concentrate with little impurities
Kasiya concentrate was determined to have high purity (98%) with no observable natural mineral impurities observed (see Figure 2). Talc, which is not an impurity of concern for refractory applications, was determined to be the minor impurity on analysis of the ash remaining from combusting the graphite.
Figure 2: Kasiya Flake Graphite SEM highlighting clean flakes
High grade, large flakes within graphite concentrate
Natural flake graphite for refractory applications requires high oxidation resistance. Particle size and grade are the two key determinants of oxidation resistance.
There are three different size fractions applicable to refractory graphite products: +300 microns, +180 microns and +150 microns. All three size fractions for Kasiya graphite concentrate demonstrate very high grade, highlighting coarse Kasiya flakes suitability for refractory applications.
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Table 2: Size fraction analysis for Loss-on-Ignition (LOI) and Fixed Carbon Grade |
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Sample |
LOI (%) |
Fixed Carbon (%) |
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+300 microns |
98.69 |
98.50 |
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+180 microns |
98.83 |
98.57 |
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+150 microns |
98.75 |
98.49 |
High melting temperature for flake ash residue
Flake ash is the residue from combusting (burning) graphite. A high flake ash melting temperature is required for refractory applications.
Flake ash from coarse Kasiya flake (>180 microns) has a melting temperature of 1,373°C, above that for flake ash of commercial reference material (>1250°C), and hemisphere temperature of 1,393°C and flow temperature of 1,429°C (Figure 3) i.e. flake ash from coarse Kasiya concentrate exceeds the melting characteristics specification.
Figure 3: Flake ash from Kasiya coarse flake melting testing
High oxidation resistance of graphite concentrate
As reported in the Company’s ASX Announcement dated 21 November 2024, entitled “Positive Initial Test Results For Use Of Kasiya Graphite In Refractories”, and as expected from the high purity of Kasiya coarse fractions (Table 2), Kasiya’s coarse flake has excellent resistance to oxidation. ProGraphite had confirmed Kasiya coarse flake exhibits:
No oxidation below 400°C, only a 6.4% mass loss after four hours at 650°C, and a very low oxidation rate of 1.6% per hour at 650°C.
Comparative testing at DA showed that only a coarse commercial reference material (>300 microns) had a greater resistance than Kasiya coarse flake (>180 microns).
Low levels of volatiles in concentrate
DA measured volatiles content at 0.2%, which is comparable or better than commercial reference materials; ProGraphite measured volatile content at 0.19%-0.26% for various size fractions, significantly lower than what is considered “high volatiles content” at ~0.5% or higher.
High volatiles content can damage the refractory, indicating that Kasiya coarse flake meets this specification.
Low levels of problematic mineral impurities
Sulphur content was measured at 0.03% at DA, noting that Kasiya graphite sulphur levels are low compared to commercial reference material from other sources.
Calcium carbonates (calcite, dolomite) act as a flux, lowering the melting point of other minerals and releasing CO2 when exposed to high temperatures. Consequently, low levels are required in graphite used for refractory applications. Calcium carbonates were not detected in testing of Kasiya concentrate via a range of methods. Other alkalis (sodium, potassium) which can also be reactive in refractory applications were also at low levels.
Low levels of “springback” from compression
Springback is an assessment of the extent of graphite to increase its volume after compression. A low springback is preferred for shape retention e.g. in producing refractory bricks.
Springback of Kasiya graphite was observed to be low and in line with results from Chinese graphite’s, decreasing with particle size (see Table 3).
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Table 3: Springback Analysis of Kasiya Coarse Fractions |
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Sample |
Springback (%) |
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+300 microns |
8.1% |
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+180 microns |
9.2% |
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+150 microns |
11.5% |
Conclusion
Testing of the broad range of criteria on the suitability of natural graphite concentrates for refractory applications confirmed that coarse Kasiya concentrate has the characteristics required for refractory applications – it has high purity, high oxidation resistance, high ash melting temperatures, low levels of volatiles, sulphur and calcium carbonates, and low springback.
Appendix 2: JORC CODE, 2012 EDITION – TABLE 1
SECTION 1 – SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND DATA
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Criteria |
JORC Code explanation |
Commentary |
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Sampling Techniques |
Nature and quality of sampling (e.g. cut channels, random chips, or specific specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate to the minerals under investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of sampling.
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Metallurgical Composite Sample: The sample was a composite of 24 Hand Auger (HA) and Push Tube (PT) holes drilled in 2021 and 2022 in the Kingfisher pit. All drilling samples within the pit shell were added to the composite resulting in a sample of 2,498kg. Specifically, the composite sample consisted of selected rutile mineralised zones from holes, NSHA0009, 0010, 0056, 0060, 0061, 0074, 0119, 0311, 0343, 0344, 0345, 0350 and NSPT 0011, 0013, 0014, 0015, 0017, 0020, 0021, 0023, 0024, 0025, 0026, 0027. The following workflow was used to generate a pre-concentrate graphite feed at AML: · Wet screen at 2mm to remove oversize · Two stage cyclone separation at a cut size of 45µm to remove -45µm material · Pass +45µm -2mm (sand) fraction through Up Current Classifier (UCC) · Pass UCC O/F through cyclone at cut point of 45µm · Pass UCC O/F cyclone U/F (fine) over MG12 Mineral Technologies Spiral · Pass UCC U/F (coarse) over MG12 Mineral Technologies Spiral · Spiral cons are combined for further processing. Fine and coarse gravity tailing samples contain approximately 75%-80% of the graphite present in the feed sample. The majority of the graphite lost is contained in the -45µm fines. |
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Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity and the appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used.
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Placer Consulting (Placer) Resource Geologists have reviewed Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the collection of HA and PT drill samples and found them to be fit for purpose. Drilling and sampling activities are supervised by a suitably qualified Company geologist who is present at all times. All bulk 1-metre drill samples are geologically logged by the geologist at the drill site. The primary metallurgical composite sample is considered representative for this style of mineralisation. |
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Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to the Public Report. In cases where ‘industry standard’ work has been done this would be relatively simple (e.g. ‘reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge for fire assay’). In other cases more explanation may be required, such as where there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual commodities or mineralisation types (e.g. submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed information.
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HA drilling was used to obtain 1-metre samples. The bulk metallurgical sample was a composite of selected samples from routine resource drilling. Existing rutile and graphite exploration results were used to determine the 1-metre intervals suitable to contribute to the two bulk sample composites. |
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Drilling Techniques |
Drill type (e.g. core, reverse circulation, open‐hole hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (e.g. core diameter, triple or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face‐sampling bit or other type, whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc).
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Hand-auger drilling is completed with 75mm diameter enclosed spiral bits with 1-metrelong steel rods. Each 1m of drill sample is collected into separate sample bags and set aside. The auger bits and flights are cleaned between each metre of sampling to avoid contamination. Placer has reviewed SOPs for hand-auger drilling and found them to be fit for purpose and support the resource classifications as applied to the MRE. |
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Drill Sample Recovery |
Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries and results assessed.
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The configuration of drilling and nature of materials encountered results in negligible sample loss or contamination. Samples are assessed visually for recoveries. Overall, recovery is good. Drilling is ceased when recoveries become poor generally once the water table has been encountered. Auger drilling samples are actively assessed by the geologist onsite for recoveries and contamination. |
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Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure representative nature of the samples.
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The Company’s trained geologists supervise auger drilling on a 1 team 1 geologist basis and are responsible for monitoring all aspects of the drilling and sampling process.
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Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade and whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material.
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No bias related to preferential loss or gain of different materials has occurred. |
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Logging |
Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate Mineral Resource estimation mining studies and metallurgical studies.
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All individual 1-metre auger intervals are geologically logged, recording relevant data to a set template using company codes.
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Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or costean, channel, etc.) photography.
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All logging includes lithological features and estimates of basic mineralogy. Logging is generally qualitative. |
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The total length and percentage of the relevant intersection logged
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100% of samples are geologically logged. |
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Sub-sampling techniques and sample preparation |
If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core taken.
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Not applicable – no core drilling conducted.
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If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc. and whether sampled wet or dry. |
Primary individual 1-metre samples from all HA and PT holes drilled are sun dried, homogenised and riffle split.
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For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the sample preparation technique.
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Metallurgical Composite Sample: 1-metre intervals selected for the 2,498kg metallurgical sample were divided into weathering units. MOTT and PSAP material were combined and homogenised in preparation for dispatch to Australian laboratory Intertek for TGC assay. Per Australian import quarantine requirements the contributing SOIL/FERP material from within 2m of surface was kept separate to undergo quarantine heat treatment at Intertek Laboratory on arrival into Australia. The two sub samples (SOIL/FERP and MOTT/PSAP) were then dispatched from Intertek to AML Laboratory (AML). AML sub-sampled and assayed the individual lithologies prior to combining and homogenising the sample in preparation for test-work. |
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Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to maximise representivity of samples.
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The sample preparation techniques and QA/QC protocols are considered appropriate for the nature of this test-work.
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Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in situ material collected, including for instance results for field duplicate/second-half sampling.
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The sampling best represents the material in situ. |
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Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material being sampled.
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The sample size is considered appropriate for the nature of the test-work. |
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Quality of assay data and laboratory tests |
The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is considered partial or total. |
Metallurgical Composite Sample: The following workflow was used to generate a graphite product; o Coarse and fine rougher graphite flotation o Polishing grind of coarse and fine rougher graphite concentrate o Cleaner flotation of coarse and fine graphite o Cleaner concentrate sizing at 180µm o Regrind of separate +180µm/-180µm fractions o Three stage recleaner flotation of +180µm/-180µm fractions
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For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc., the parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument make and model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, etc.
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Acceptable levels of accuracy and precision have been established. No handheld methods are used for quantitative determination.
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Nature of quality control procedures adopted (e.g. standards, blanks, duplicate, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels of accuracy (i.e. lack of bias) and precision have been established.
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Acceptable levels of accuracy and precision have been established in the preparation of the bulk sample composites. |
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Verification of sampling & assaying |
The verification of significant intersections by either independent or alternative company personnel.
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No drilling intersections are being reported. |
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The use of twinned holes.
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No twin holes completed in this program.
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Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols. |
All data was collected initially on paper logging sheets and codified to the Company’s templates. This data was hand entered to spreadsheets and validated by Company geologists.
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Discuss any adjustment to assay data.
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No adjustment to assay data has been made.
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Location of data points |
Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation.
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A Trimble R2 Differential GPS is used to pick up the collars. Daily capture at a registered reference marker ensures equipment remains in calibration. No downhole surveying is completed. Given the vertical nature and shallow depths of the holes, drill hole deviation is not considered to significantly affect the downhole location of samples. |
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Specification of the grid system used. |
WGS84 UTM Zone 36 South. |
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Quality and adequacy of topographic control. |
DGPS pickups are considered to be high quality topographic control measures. |
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Data spacing & distribution |
Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. |
Metallurgical Composite Sample: The hand-auger holes contributing to this metallurgical were selected from pit area Kingfisher and broadly represent early years of mining as contemplated in the OPFS (Approximately the first three years).
It is deemed that these holes should be broadly representative of the mineralisation style in the general area.
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Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied. |
Not applicable, no Mineral Resource or Ore Reserve estimations are covered by new data in this report. |
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Whether sample compositing has been applied. |
Metallurgical Composite Sample: The sample was composited as described under Sampling Techniques in this Table.
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Orientation of data in relation to geological structure |
Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of possible structures and the extent to which this is known considering the deposit type
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No bias attributable to orientation of sampling has been identified. |
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If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a sampling bias, this should be assessed and reported if material.
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All holes were drilled vertically as the nature of the mineralisation is horizontal. No bias attributable to orientation of drilling has been identified. |
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Sample security |
The measures taken to ensure sample security |
Samples are stored in secure storage from the time of drilling, through gathering, compositing and analysis. The samples are sealed as soon as site preparation is complete.
A reputable international transport company with shipment tracking enables a chain of custody to be maintained while the samples move from Malawi to Australia or Malawi to Johannesburg. Samples are again securely stored once they arrive and are processed at Australian laboratories. A reputable domestic courier company manages the movement of samples within Perth, Australia.
At each point of the sample workflow the samples are inspected by a company representative to monitor sample condition. Each laboratory confirms the integrity of the samples upon receipt. |
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Audits or reviews |
The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data
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It is considered by the Company that industry best practice methods have been employed at all stages of the exploration.
Malawi Field and Laboratory visits have been completed by Richard Stockwell in May 2022. A high standard of operation, procedure and personnel was observed and reported.
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SECTION 2 – REPORTING OF EXPLORATION RESULTS
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Criteria |
Explanation |
Commentary |
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Mineral tenement & land tenure status |
Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including agreements or material issues with third parties such as joint ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, native title interests, historical sites, wilderness or national park and environment settings. |
The Company owns 100% of the following Exploration Licences (ELs) under the Mines and Minerals Act 2019 (Malawi), held in the Company’s wholly-owned, Malawi-registered subsidiaries: EL0609, EL0582, EL0492, EL0528, EL0545, EL0561, EL0657 and EL0710.
A 5% royalty is payable to the government upon mining and a 2% of net profit royalty is payable to the original project vendor.
No significant native vegetation or reserves exist in the area. The region is intensively cultivated for agricultural crops. |
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The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with any known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate in the area. |
The tenements are in good standing and no known impediments to exploration or mining exist. |
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Exploration done by other parties
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Acknowledgement and appraisal of exploration by other parties. |
Sovereign Metals Ltd is a first-mover in the discovery and definition of residual rutile and graphite deposits in Malawi. |
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Geology |
Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation |
The rutile deposit type is considered a residual placer formed by the intense weathering of rutile-rich basement paragneisses and variable enrichment by eluvial processes.
Rutile occurs in a mostly topographically flat area west of Malawi’s capital, known as the Lilongwe Plain, where a deep tropical weathering profile is preserved. A typical profile from top to base is generally soil (“SOIL” 0-1m) ferruginous pedolith (“FERP”, 1-4m), mottled zone (“MOTT”, 4-7m), pallid saprolite (“PSAP”, 7-9m), saprolite (“SAPL”, 9-25m), saprock (“SAPR”, 25-35m) and fresh rock (“FRESH” >35m).
The low-grade graphite mineralisation occurs as multiple bands of graphite gneisses, hosted within a broader Proterozoic paragneiss package. In the Kasiya areas specifically, the preserved weathering profile hosts significant vertical thicknesses from near surface of graphite mineralisation. |
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Drill hole information |
A summary of all information material to the understanding of the exploration results including a tabulation of the following information for all Material drill holes: easting and northings of the drill hole collar; elevation or RL (Reduced Level-elevation above sea level in metres of the drill hole collar); dip and azimuth of the hole; down hole length and interception depth; and hole length |
All intercepts relating to the Kasiya Deposit have been included in public releases during each phase of exploration and in this report. Releases included all collar and composite data and these can be viewed on the Company website. There are no further drill hole results that are considered material to the understanding of the exploration results. Identification of the broad zone of mineralisation is made via multiple intersections of drill holes and to list them all would not give the reader any further clarification of the distribution of mineralisation throughout the deposit.
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If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that the information is not Material and this exclusion does not detract from the understanding of the report, the Competent Person should clearly explain why this is the case |
No information has been excluded. |
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Data aggregation methods |
In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging techniques, maximum and/or minimum grade truncations (e.g. cutting of high-grades) and cut-off grades are usually Material and should be stated. |
No data aggregation was required. |
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Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high-grade results and longer lengths of low grade results, the procedure used for such aggregation should be stated and some typical examples of such aggregations should be shown in detail. |
No data aggregation was required. |
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The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values should be clearly stated. |
Not applicable |
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Relationship between mineralisation widths & intercept lengths |
These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of Exploration Results. |
The mineralisation has been released by weathering of the underlying, layered gneissic bedrock that broadly trends NE-SW at Kasiya North and N-S at Kasiya South. It lies in a laterally extensive superficial blanket with high-grade zones reflecting the broad bedrock strike orientation of ~045° in the North of Kasiya and 360° in the South of Kasiya. No drilling intercepts are being reported. |
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If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole angle is known, its nature should be reported. |
The mineralisation is laterally extensive where the entire weathering profile is preserved and not significantly eroded. Minor removal of the mineralised profile has occurred where alluvial channels cut the surface of the deposit. These areas are adequately defined by the drilling pattern and topographical control for the resource estimate. |
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If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported, there should be a clear statement to this effect (e.g. ‘down hole length, true width not known’. |
No drilling intercepts are being reported. |
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Diagrams |
Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of intercepts should be included for any significant discovery being reported. These should include, but not be limited to a plan view of the drill collar locations and appropriate sectional views. |
In exploration results and plan view for the samples used in relation to the metallurgical composite test work conducted in this announcement, are included in Sovereign’s announcements dated 30 March 2021, 18 August 2021 and 15 March 2022.
These are accessible on the Company’s and on the ASX websites. |
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Balanced reporting |
Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not practicable, representative reporting of both low and high-grades and/or widths should be practiced to avoid misleading reporting of exploration results. |
All results are included in this report and in previous releases. These are accessible on the Company’s webpage. |
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Other substantive exploration data |
Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be reported including (but not limited to: geological observations; geophysical survey results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples – size and method of treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical and rock characteristics; potential deleterious or contaminating substances. |
Limited lateritic duricrust has been variably developed at Kasiya, as is customary in tropical highland areas subjected to seasonal wet/dry cycles. Lithological logs record drilling refusal in just under 2% of the HA/PT drill database. No drilling refusal was recorded above the saprock interface by AC drilling. Sample quality (representivity) is established by geostatistical analysis of comparable sample intervals.
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Further work |
The nature and scale of planned further work (e.g. test for lateral extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step-out drilling). |
Having recently completed an OPFS, the Company is working towards completing a definitive feasibility study. |
|
Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions, including the main geological interpretations and future drilling areas, provided this information is not commercially sensitive. |
Refer to diagrams disclosed previous releases. These are accessible on the Company’s website as discussed above. |
#SVML Sovereign Metals LTD – September 2024 Quarterly Report
SEPTEMBER 2024 QUARTERLY REPORT
Sovereign Metals Limited (ASX:SVM, AIM:SVML, OTCQX:SVMLF) (Sovereign or the Company) is pleased to provide its quarterly report for the period ended 30 September 2024.
HIGHLIGHTS DURING AND SUBSEQUENT TO THE QUARTER
Rio Tinto Invests Additional A$19m Increasing Shareholding to 19.9%
· In July 2024, Rio Tinto invested a further A$18.5 million via the exercise of options to increase its shareholding in Sovereign to 19.76%
· In September 2024, Rio Tinto made an additional investment of A$0.7 million to increase its shareholding to 19.9% pursuant to Rio Tinto’s first right of refusal on equity issues up to a maximum of 19.9%
Sovereign Presents at Minerals Security Partnership Event During UN General Assembly
· In September 2024, Sovereign presented at the inaugural 2024 MSP Finance Meeting during the UN General Assembly in New York following an invitation from the U.S. Department of State and SAFE Center for Critical Minerals
· Panel discussion titled “Mining Titans and New Horizons” took place between Rio Tinto CEO, Mr Jakob Stausholm, and Sovereign Chair, Mr Ben Stoikovich
Spiral Plant Successfully Installed for Graphite Offtake Discussions
· Industrial scale spiral concentrator plant successfully installed and commissioned at Sovereign’s expanded laboratory and testing facility in Lilongwe, Malawi
· Graphite pre-concentrate from spiral plant will facilitate ongoing testwork and offtake discussions with lithium-ion battery makers and traditional graphite markets
Hydraulic Mining Trial Commenced Following Successful Dry Mining Trial
· In July 2024, dry mining trial confirms Kasiya can be efficiently mined using standard mobile excavators and trucks, demonstrating operational alternatives
· In August 2024, hydraulic mining trial commenced at Kasiya Pilot Site test pit as part of ongoing PFS Optimisation Study
Outstanding Battery Anode Material Produced from Kasiya Graphite
· Very high quality Coated Spherical Purified Graphite (CSPG) anode material produced from Kasiya graphite concentrate with performance characteristics comparable to highest quality natural graphite battery material produced by dominant Chinese anode manufacturers
· Outstanding results are attributed to unique geological setting of highly weathered Kasiya orebody compared to fresh rock hosted graphite deposits including very low levels of sulphur and other impurities
Infill Drilling Program to Upgrade Kasiya Resource
· During the quarter, Sovereign undertook an infill drilling program designed to upgrade Kasiya’s Mineral Resource Estimate (MRE) and facilitate conversion of Ore Reserves from Probable to Proven category for upcoming study phase
· Program focused on southern Kasiya, which is the area intended to supply ore feed for first eight years of production; all planned drilling was completed subsequent to the quarter
Corporate Update
· Following increased U.S. investor and strategic interest in Kasiya, Sovereign commenced trading on OTCQX Market in the quarter providing access to broader eligible U.S. investor base
· Following the additional A$19 million invested by Rio Tinto, Sovereign remains in a strong financial position with cash at bank of approximately A$41 million and no debt
Classification 2.2: This announcement includes Inside Information
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Enquires |
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Frank Eagar, Managing Director & CEO South Africa / Malawi +27 21 065 1890 |
Sapan Ghai, CCO London +44 207 478 3900 |
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Nominated Adviser on AIM and Joint Broker |
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SP Angel Corporate Finance LLP |
+44 20 3470 0470 |
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Ewan Leggat Charlie Bouverat |
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Joint Brokers |
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Stifel |
+44 20 7710 7600 |
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Varun Talwar |
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Ashton Clanfield |
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Berenberg |
+44 20 3207 7800 |
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Matthew Armitt |
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Jennifer Lee |
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Buchanan |
+ 44 20 7466 5000 |
Rio Tinto Invests Additional A$19 million Increasing Shareholding to 19.9%
In July 2024, Rio Tinto Mining and Exploration Limited (Rio Tinto) exercised all its share options for proceeds of A$18.5 million (before costs) to increase its shareholding in Sovereign to 19.76%.
In September 2024 and following the exercise of its options, Rio Tinto made an additional investment of A$0.7 million in Sovereign increasing its shareholding in Sovereign to 19.9%. Pursuant to the Investment Agreement between Rio Tinto and Sovereign, Rio Tinto has a first right of refusal on equity issues up to 19.9%
The Company will use the proceeds from Rio Tinto’s additional strategic investments to continue advancing Sovereign’s Tier 1 Kasiya Rutile-Graphite Project (Kasiya or the Project) in Malawi. This includes progressing the current PFS Optimisation Study for Kasiya which is focused on the development of a world-class mine capable of supplying critical minerals to the titanium pigment, titanium metal and lithium-ion battery industries. Under the Investment Agreement between Sovereign and Rio Tinto, Rio Tinto continues to provide assistance and advice on technical and marketing aspects of Kasiya.
Sovereign Presents at Minerals Security Partnership Event During UN General Assembly
In September 2024, Sovereign was invited to and participated in a panel discussion at the inaugural 2024 MINVEST / Minerals Security Partnership (MSP) Finance Meeting (Meeting) in New York, U.S., during the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA).
The panel titled “Mining Titans and New Horizons” was moderated by Dr Zainab Usman, Senior Fellow and Director, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and participants were Mr Jakob Stausholm, CEO, Rio Tinto, and Mr Ben Stoikovich, Chair, Sovereign.
The discussion highlighted factors that attract major mining companies and investment, exploring how initiatives like the MSP can support investment flow into resource-rich countries, while spurring economic development.
Speaking at the Meeting on its importance, U.S. Deputy Secretary of State, The Hon. Kurt Campbell, commented: “If we are going to be successful ultimately not only in the clean energy revolution but generally in technology, it will be because of this pursuit.”
Figure 1 (Left to Right): Dr Zainab Usman, Senior Fellow and Director, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Rio Tinto CEO Jakob Stausholm, Sovereign Chair Mr Ben Stoikovich at the MSP Finance Meeting in New York
Sovereign attended the Meeting following an invitation to present, alongside Rio Tinto CEO Mr Jakob Stausholm, by the Minerals Investment Network for Vital Energy Security and Transition (MINVEST), a public-private partnership between the U.S. Department of State and SAFE Center for Critical Minerals. The Meeting took place during UNGA in New York, presenting an opportunity for convergence of several MSP government officials, as well as representatives from their development finance institutions, and export credit agencies.
About the MSP
In June 2022, the U.S. Government and key partner countries announced the establishment of the MSP – a collaboration of 14 countries and the EU to catalyse public and private investment in responsible critical minerals supply chains globally.
About MINVEST
MINVEST is a public-private partnership between the U.S. Department of State and The Center for Critical Minerals Strategy (SAFE) to promote public-private dialogue and spur investment in strategic mining, processing, and recycling opportunities that adhere to high environmental, social, and governance standards.
Spiral Plant Successfully Installed for Graphite Offtake Discussions
During the quarter, the Company successfully installed and commissioned an industrial-scale spiral concentrator plant at the Company’s laboratory and testing facility in Lilongwe, Malawi. The plant enables Sovereign to process material from the test pit mined as part of the ongoing Pilot Mining and Land Rehabilitation (Pilot Phase) at Kasiya.
Figure 2: Spiral Plant installed at Sovereign’s Lilongwe facility
The spiral plant will prepare a graphite gravity concentrate from the Pilot Phase test pit’s run of mine at a bulk scale. The concentrate will then be sent to specialised laboratories where flotation, purification, spheronisation and coating testwork for the battery anode segment in line with Sovereign’s strategy to commercialise Kasiya’s graphite by-product. Graphite concentrate will also be provided to traditional industrial graphite users, including refractories and foundries, expandable graphite, graphite foil, brake lining pads, and lubrication.
Hydraulic Mining Trial Commenced Following Successful Dry Mining Trial
In July 2024, Sovereign announced that as part of the Pilot Phase, the dry mining trial concluded with a test pit successfully excavated at the Pilot site. The test pit covered the planned area of 120 metres by 110 metres and was excavated to a depth of 20 metres through the weathered ore at Kasiya. The dry mining trial confirmed that Kasiya ore can be efficiently mined using conventional dry-mining techniques and a simple mobile excavator fleet. The dry mining fleet consisted of four excavators, 20 trucks and a support fleet including two bulldozers and a motor grader. Approximately 170,000 bench cubic metres of material was dry mined during the trial. Steady-state operations envisage 24 million tonnes of material being mined annually.
The saprolite-hosted mineralisation at Kasiya is largely homogenous and has relatively consistent physical properties throughout the 1.8 billion tonnes MRE that is reported in accordance with JORC (2012). Data collected from the pilot phase confirmed that no drilling, blasting, crushing, grinding or milling will be required prior to stockpiling material for processing into rutile and graphite products; an indication of potentially lower mining costs and a lower carbon footprint comparable to hard rock deposits.
Figure 3: Kasiya Pilot Phase Test Pit mined to 20 metres depth
Figure 4: Kasiya mining and front-end processing vs. hard rock peers
Subsequently, in August 2024, the Company commenced a hydraulic mining trial at the test pit. The temporary water storage pond, constructed and sealed with natural clay from excavated material, was filled with six million litres of groundwater, predominantly from eight water boreholes on site.
This water was used during the hydraulic mining trial and continuously recycled from the constructed holding cells, where sand and fine fractions are stored respectively prior to the planned deposition and rehabilitation testwork.
Figure 5: Hydraulic mined material (slurry) flowing freely to the collection point in the bottom of the sump
Outstanding Battery Anode Material Produced from Kasiya Graphite
In September 2024, Sovereign announced an update on the downstream testwork conducted at leading independent consultancy ProGraphite GmbH (ProGraphite) in Germany.
The test work program demonstrated that CSPG produced from Kasiya natural flake graphite has performance characteristics comparable to the leading Chinese natural graphite anode materials manufacturers such as BTR New Material Group (BTR). Electrochemical testing of the CSPG samples at a leading German institute achieved first cycle efficiencies (FCE) of 94.2% to 95.8%, with results above 95% a key specification for highest quality natural graphite anode materials under the Chinese standard.
Following spheronisation and purification testwork which produced spherical graphite with very high purities of 99.99%, the purified spherical graphite (PSG) samples were pitch coated and carbonised to produce CSPG.
The coating process produced CSPG with very low BET (low specific surface area) specific surface area of 2.0m2/g and lower and high tap densities of 1.11-1.18g/cm3 (Table 1). A low specific surface area is required for anode materials to minimise the loss of lithium in forming a secondary protective coating on the anode material known as the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI). The pitch coating process also assists in increasing the density of the anode material as measured by the tap density – a higher density assists in storing more electrical energy in the lithium-ion battery.
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Table 1: CSPG Results |
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|
CSPG Sample |
|||
|
Sample |
Units |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
D10 |
µm |
11.05 |
11.08 |
14.86 |
|
D50 |
µm |
17.46 |
17.27 |
23.71 |
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D90 |
µm |
26.75 |
27.5 |
36.72 |
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Tap Density |
g/cm3 |
1.11 |
1.12 |
1.18 |
|
BET (low specific surface area) |
m2/g |
1.6 |
2.0 |
1.4 |
Electrochemical testing of the CSPG samples at a leading German institute achieved FCE of 94.2% to 95.8%, with results above 95% a key specification for highest quality natural graphite anode materials under the Chinese standard. A very high FCE minimises lithium losses in the initial formation cycles of a lithium-ion battery, supporting battery life. Kasiya CSPG also met the criteria for an initial discharge capacity of more than 360mAh/g (ampere-hours per gram) for highest quality anode materials, with initial capacities of 362-366mAh/g. These results will be used to fast-track discussions with potential offtakers.
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Table 2: Electrochemical Results – China CSPG Standard |
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CSPG Sample |
China Standard GB/T-24533-2019
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1 |
2 |
3 |
Grade I |
Grade II |
Grade III |
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First Cycle Efficiency |
% |
95.8 |
94.2 |
95.8 |
≥95 |
≥93 |
≥91 |
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||||||
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Initial Capacity |
mAh/g |
362 |
364 |
366 |
≥360 |
≥360 |
≥345 |
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Furthermore, the testwork demonstrated that CSPG produced from Kasiya natural flake graphite has initial performance characteristics comparable to the leading Chinese natural graphite anode materials manufacturers such as BTR. BTR has a 20-year track record in the production of lithium-ion battery anode materials, is a dominant player in the market and has recently concluded anode material offtake agreements with global automotive companies including Ford. BTR’s highest specification CSPG materials, that have low swelling, long cycle life, good processability and outstanding electrochemical performance include their GSN17 and LSG17 products (with D50 of 17.0+/- 1.5μm).
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Table 3: Electrochemical Results – BTR CSPG products |
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CSPG Sample |
BTR3
|
||||||||
|
1 |
2 |
GSN 17 |
LSG 17 |
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First Cycle Efficiency |
% |
95.8 |
94.2 |
≥95 |
≥94 |
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||||
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Initial Capacity |
mAh/g |
362 |
364 |
≥360 |
≥355 |
|
||||
|
D50 |
μm |
17.5 |
17.3 |
17.0+/- 1.5 |
17.0+/- 1.5 |
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Infill Drilling Program to Upgrade Kasiya Resource
An infill drilling program to infill the southern part of Kasiya commenced during the quarter and was completed in October 2024. The drilling was focused on the designated pits proposed to provide ore feed in the first eight years of the Project’s production schedule. Ore Reserves in these areas are expected to convert from the Probable to Proven category with an upgrade of the current MRE from Indicated to the Measured category under the JORC (2012) Code. Offsite laboratories in South Africa and Australia will assay all samples for rutile and graphite. The drilling program’s results and subsequent Resource upgrade are expected in early 2025. Kasiya is already the world’s largest rutile deposit and second-largest flake graphite deposit, with over 66% of the current MRE in the Indicated category.
An offset 200×200 metre program was designed, resulting in an average drill spacing of 142 metres. The offset spacing had the advantage of allowing analysis of geology and grade continuity in both orthogonal and diagonal directions.
The drilling program consisted of:
1. 281 aircore holes drilled over 5,607m, with an average depth of 20 metres
2. 309 hand auger holes drilled over 1,280m, with an average depth of 4 metres
3. 30 push tube and diamond core holes drilled over 663m, providing samples for verification twinning and geotechnical sampling with an average depth of 22 metres
The current MRE identifies broad and continuous high-grade rutile and graphite zones, extending over a vast area of more than 201 km². Rutile mineralisation is concentrated in laterally extensive, near-surface, flat “blanket” deposits in areas where the weathering profile remains intact and largely uneroded. Graphite is largely depleted near the surface, with grades generally improving at depths greater than 4 metres, down to the base of the saprolite zone, which averages around 22 metres.
Corporate Update
During the quarter, Sovereign’s shares commenced trading on the OTCQX® Best Market (OTCQX) under the ticker symbol SVMLF. The OTCQX is the highest market tier of OTC Markets on which over 12,000 U.S. and global securities trade. Sovereign previously traded on the OTC Pink Market and has been upgraded to the OTCQX as it meets high financial standards, follows best-practice corporate governance and has demonstrated compliance with applicable securities laws. Trading on OTCQX began on 5 July 2024 and will enhance the visibility and accessibility of Sovereign to U.S. investors.
Next Steps
Sovereign is currently conducting a PFS Optimisation Study, including the Pilot Phase, prior to advancing to the DFS. The Company aims to become the world’s largest, lowest cost and lowest-emissions producer of two critical minerals – titanium (rutile) and graphite. The Company plans to update the market on the progress of the following in coming months.
· Ongoing progression of the Pilot Phase, including:
o Completion of hydraulic mining trials;
o preparation of additional bulk samples for product qualification; and
o backfilling of test pits and soil rehabilitation.
· Further graphite testwork results as the Company continues to advance the qualification of its graphite product for the lithium-ion battery and traditional graphite sectors;
· Progress on the optimisation work streams alongside Rio Tinto via the project Technical Committee;
· MRE upgrade in early 2025; and
· Additional community and social development programs.
Competent Person Statement
The information in this announcement that relates to the Exploration Results is extracted from announcements dated 8 May 2024, 15 May 2024 and 4 September 2024, which are available to view at www.sovereignmetals.com.au. Sovereign confirms that a) it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in the original announcement; b) all material assumptions included in the original announcement continue to apply and have not materially changed; and c) the form and context in which the relevant Competent Persons’ findings are presented in this report have not been materially changed from the announcement.
The information in this announcement that relates to the Mineral Resource Estimate is extracted from Sovereign’s 2024 Annual Report and is based on, and fairly represents information compiled by Mr Richard Stockwell, a Competent Person, who is a fellow of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists (AIG). Mr Stockwell is a principal of Placer Consulting Pty Ltd, an independent consulting company. Sovereign confirms that a) it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in the original announcement; b) all material assumptions included in the 2024 Annual Report continue to apply and have not materially changed; and c) the form and context in which the relevant Competent Persons’ findings are presented in 2024 Annual Report have not been materially changed from the disclosure in the 2024 Annual Report.
The information in this announcement that relates to Ore Reserves is extracted from Sovereign’s 2024 Annual Report. Sovereign confirms that: a) it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in the original announcement; b) all material assumptions included in the 2024 Annual Report continue to apply and have not materially changed; and c) the form and context in which the relevant Competent Persons’ findings are presented in 2024 Annual Report have not been materially changed from the disclosure in the 2024 Annual Report.
|
Ore Reserve for the Kasiya Deposit |
|
||||||
|
Classification |
Tonnes |
Rutile Grade |
Contained Rutile |
Graphite Grade (TGC) (%) |
Contained Graphite |
RutEq. Grade* |
|
|
Proved |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
|
Probable |
538 |
1.03% |
5.5 |
1.66% |
8.9 |
2.00% |
|
|
Total |
538 |
1.03% |
5.5 |
1.66% |
8.9 |
2.00% |
|
* RutEq. Formula: Rutile Grade x Recovery (100%) x Rutile Price (US$1,484/t) + Graphite Grade x Recovery (67.5%) x Graphite Price (US$1,290/t) / Rutile Price (US$1,484/t). All assumptions are from the Kasiya PFS ** Any minor summation inconsistencies are due to rounding
|
Kasiya Total Indicated + Inferred Mineral Resource Estimate at 0.7% rutile cut-off grade |
|||||
|
Classification |
Resource |
Rutile Grade |
Contained Rutile |
Graphite Grade (TGC) (%) |
Contained Graphite |
|
Indicated |
1,200 |
1.0% |
12.2 |
1.5% |
18.0 |
|
Inferred |
609 |
0.9% |
5.7 |
1.1% |
6.5 |
|
Total |
1,809 |
1.0% |
17.9 |
1.4% |
24.4 |
Forward Looking Statement
This release may include forward-looking statements, which may be identified by words such as “expects”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “projects”, “plans”, and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are based on Sovereign’s expectations and beliefs concerning future events. Forward looking statements are necessarily subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside the control of Sovereign, which could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements. There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be correct. Sovereign makes no undertaking to subsequently update or revise the forward-looking statements made in this release, to reflect the circumstances or events after the date of that release.
The information contained within this announcement is deemed by the Company to constitute inside information as stipulated under the Market Abuse Regulations (EU) No. 596/2014 as it forms part of UK domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (‘MAR’). Upon the publication of this announcement via Regulatory Information Service (‘RIS’), this inside information is now considered to be in the public domain.
APPENDIX 1: SUMMARY OF MINING TENEMENTS
As at 30 September 2024, the Company had an interest in the following tenements:
|
Licence |
Holding Entity |
Interest |
Type |
Licence Renewal Date |
Expiry Term Date1 |
Licence Area (km2) |
Status |
|
EL0609 |
MML |
100% |
Exploration |
25/09/2026 |
25/09/2028 |
219.5 |
Granted |
|
EL0582 |
SSL |
100% |
Exploration |
15/09/2025 |
15/09/2027 |
141.3 |
Granted |
|
EL0492 |
SSL |
100% |
Exploration |
29/01/2025 |
29/01/2025 |
454.9 |
Granted |
|
EL0528 |
SSL |
100% |
Exploration |
27/11/2025 |
27/11/2025 |
16.2 |
Granted |
|
EL0545 |
SSL |
100% |
Exploration |
12/05/2026 |
12/05/2026 |
24.2 |
Granted |
|
EL0561 |
SSL |
100% |
Exploration |
15/09/2025 |
15/09/2027 |
61.9 |
Granted |
|
EL0657 |
SSL |
100% |
Exploration |
3/10/2025 |
3/10/2029 |
2.3 |
Granted |
|
EL0710 |
SSL |
100% |
Exploration |
1/02/2027 |
1/02/2031 |
38.4 |
Granted |
Notes:
SSL: Sovereign Services Limited, MML: McCourt Mining Limited
1 An exploration licence (EL) covering a preliminary period in accordance with the Malawi Mines and Minerals Act (No 8. Of 2019) (2019 Mines Act) is granted for a period not exceeding three (3) years. Thereafter two successive periods of renewal may be granted, but each must not exceed two (2) years. This means that an EL has a potential life span of seven (7) years. ELs that have come to the end of their term can be converted by the EL holder into a retention licence (RL) for a term of up to 5 years subject to meeting certain criteria. On 28 June 2024, the Mines and Minerals Act (2023) (New Act) was gazetted and came into force. As previously disclosed, The New Act introduces amendments to improve transparency and governance of the mining industry in Malawi. Sovereign notes the following updates in the New Act which may affect the Company going forward: (i) ELs will now be granted for an initial period of 5 years with the ability to extend by 3 years on two occasions (total 11 years); (ii) the Malawian Government maintains a right to free equity ownership for large-scale mining licences but the New Act has removed the automatic free government equity ownership with the right to be a negotiation matter; and (iii) A new Mining and Regulatory Authority will be responsible for implementing the objectives of the New Act.
APPENDIX 2: RELATED PARTY PAYMENTS
During the quarter ended 30 September 2024, the Company made payments of A$310,000 to related parties and their associates. These payments relate to existing remuneration arrangements (executive salaries, director fees, superannuation and bonuses (A$212,000)) and provision of serviced office facilities, company secretarial services and administration services (A$98,000).
APPENDIX 3: MINING EXPLORATION EXPENDITURES
During the quarter, the Company made the following payments in relation to mining exploration activities:
|
Activity |
A$’000 |
|
Optimisation, Pilot Phase, Reserve/Resource Estimation |
4,245 |
|
Drilling related |
602 |
|
Assaying and Metallurgical Test-work |
310 |
|
ESG related |
905 |
|
Malawi Operations – Site Office, Personnel, Field Supplies, Equipment, Vehicles and Travel |
1,684 |
|
Total as reported in Appendix 5B |
7,746 |
There were no mining or production activities and expenses incurred during the quarter ended 30 September 2024.
Appendix 5B
Mining exploration entity or oil and gas exploration entity
quarterly cash flow report
Name of entity |
||
|
Sovereign Metals Limited |
||
ABN |
|
Quarter ended (“current quarter”) |
|
71 120 833 427 |
30 September 2024 |
|
Consolidated statement of cash flows |
Current quarter |
Year to date |
|
|
1. |
Cash flows from operating activities |
– |
– |
|
1.1 |
Receipts from customers |
||
|
1.2 |
Payments for |
(7,746) |
(7,746) |
|
(a) exploration & evaluation |
|||
|
(b) development |
– |
– |
|
|
(c) production |
– |
– |
|
|
(d) staff costs |
(276) |
(276) |
|
|
(e) administration and corporate costs |
(644) |
(644) |
|
|
1.3 |
Dividends received (see note 3) |
– |
– |
|
1.4 |
Interest received |
381 |
381 |
|
1.5 |
Interest and other costs of finance paid |
– |
– |
|
1.6 |
Income taxes paid |
– |
– |
|
1.7 |
Government grants and tax incentives |
– |
– |
|
1.8 |
Other – Business Development |
(489) |
(489) |
|
1.9 |
Net cash from / (used in) operating activities |
(8,774) |
(8,774) |
|
2. |
Cash flows from investing activities |
– |
– |
|
2.1 |
Payments to acquire or for: |
||
|
(a) entities |
|||
|
(b) tenements |
– |
– |
|
|
(c) property, plant and equipment |
(736) |
(736) |
|
|
(d) exploration & evaluation |
– |
– |
|
|
(e) investments |
– |
– |
|
|
(f) other non-current assets |
– |
– |
|
|
2.2 |
Proceeds from the disposal of: |
– |
– |
|
(a) entities |
|||
|
(b) tenements |
– |
– |
|
|
(c) property, plant and equipment |
– |
– |
|
|
(d) investments |
– |
– |
|
|
(e) other non-current assets |
– |
– |
|
|
2.3 |
Cash flows from loans to other entities |
– |
– |
|
2.4 |
Dividends received (see note 3) |
– |
– |
|
2.5 |
Other (provide details if material) |
– |
– |
|
2.6 |
Net cash from / (used in) investing activities |
(736) |
(736) |
|
3. |
Cash flows from financing activities |
19,174 |
19,174 |
|
3.1 |
Proceeds from issues of equity securities (excluding convertible debt securities) |
||
|
3.2 |
Proceeds from issue of convertible debt securities |
– |
– |
|
3.3 |
Proceeds from exercise of options |
– |
– |
|
3.4 |
Transaction costs related to issues of equity securities or convertible debt securities |
(37) |
(37) |
|
3.5 |
Proceeds from borrowings |
– |
– |
|
3.6 |
Repayment of borrowings |
– |
– |
|
3.7 |
Transaction costs related to loans and borrowings |
– |
– |
|
3.8 |
Dividends paid |
– |
– |
|
3.9 |
Other (provide details if material) |
– |
– |
|
3.10 |
Net cash from / (used in) financing activities |
19,137 |
19,137 |
|
4. |
Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents for the period |
||
|
4.1 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
31,562 |
31,562 |
|
4.2 |
Net cash from / (used in) operating activities (item 1.9 above) |
(8,774) |
(8,774) |
|
4.3 |
Net cash from / (used in) investing activities (item 2.6 above) |
(736) |
(736) |
|
4.4 |
Net cash from / (used in) financing activities (item 3.10 above) |
19,137 |
19,137 |
|
4.5 |
Effect of movement in exchange rates on cash held |
4 |
4 |
|
4.6 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
41,193 |
41,193 |
|
5. |
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents
|
Current quarter |
Previous quarter |
|
5.1 |
Bank balances |
4,153 |
253 |
|
5.2 |
Call deposits |
37,040 |
31,309 |
|
5.3 |
Bank overdrafts |
– |
– |
|
5.4 |
Other (provide details) |
– |
– |
|
5.5 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of quarter (should equal item 4.6 above) |
41,193 |
31,562 |
|
6. |
Payments to related parties of the entity and their associates |
Current quarter |
|
6.1 |
Aggregate amount of payments to related parties and their associates included in item 1 |
(310) |
|
6.2 |
Aggregate amount of payments to related parties and their associates included in item 2 |
– |
|
Note: if any amounts are shown in items 6.1 or 6.2, your quarterly activity report must include a description of, and an explanation for, such payments. |
||
|
7. |
Financing facilities
|
Total facility amount at quarter end |
Amount drawn at quarter end |
|
7.1 |
Loan facilities |
– |
– |
|
7.2 |
Credit standby arrangements |
– |
– |
|
7.3 |
Other (please specify) |
– |
– |
|
7.4 |
Total financing facilities |
– |
– |
|
|
|||
|
7.5 |
Unused financing facilities available at quarter end |
– |
|
|
7.6 |
Include in the box below a description of each facility above, including the lender, interest rate, maturity date and whether it is secured or unsecured. If any additional financing facilities have been entered into or are proposed to be entered into after quarter end, include a note providing details of those facilities as well. |
||
|
8. |
Estimated cash available for future operating activities |
$A’000 |
|
8.1 |
Net cash from / (used in) operating activities (item 1.9) |
(8,774) |
|
8.2 |
(Payments for exploration & evaluation classified as investing activities) (item 2.1(d)) |
– |
|
8.3 |
Total relevant outgoings (item 8.1 + item 8.2) |
(8,774) |
|
8.4 |
Cash and cash equivalents at quarter end (item 4.6) |
41,193 |
|
8.5 |
Unused finance facilities available at quarter end (item 7.5) |
– |
|
8.6 |
Total available funding (item 8.4 + item 8.5) |
41,193 |
|
8.7 |
Estimated quarters of funding available (item 8.6 divided by item 8.3) |
5 |
|
Note: if the entity has reported positive relevant outgoings (ie a net cash inflow) in item 8.3, answer item 8.7 as “N/A”. Otherwise, a figure for the estimated quarters of funding available must be included in item 8.7. |
||
|
8.8 |
If item 8.7 is less than 2 quarters, please provide answers to the following questions: |
|
|
8.8.1 Does the entity expect that it will continue to have the current level of net operating cash flows for the time being and, if not, why not? |
||
|
Answer: Not applicable |
||
|
8.8.2 Has the entity taken any steps, or does it propose to take any steps, to raise further cash to fund its operations and, if so, what are those steps and how likely does it believe that they will be successful? |
||
|
Answer: Not applicable |
||
|
8.8.3 Does the entity expect to be able to continue its operations and to meet its business objectives and, if so, on what basis? |
||
|
Answer: Not applicable |
||
|
Note: where item 8.7 is less than 2 quarters, all of questions 8.8.1, 8.8.2 and 8.8.3 above must be answered. |
||
Compliance statement
1 This statement has been prepared in accordance with accounting standards and policies which comply with Listing Rule 19.11A.
2 This statement gives a true and fair view of the matters disclosed.
Date: 30 October 2024
Authorised by: Company Secretary
(Name of body or officer authorising release – see note 4)
Notes
1. This quarterly cash flow report and the accompanying activity report provide a basis for informing the market about the entity’s activities for the past quarter, how they have been financed and the effect this has had on its cash position. An entity that wishes to disclose additional information over and above the minimum required under the Listing Rules is encouraged to do so.
2. If this quarterly cash flow report has been prepared in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards, the definitions in, and provisions of, AASB 6: Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources and AASB 107: Statement of Cash Flows apply to this report. If this quarterly cash flow report has been prepared in accordance with other accounting standards agreed by ASX pursuant to Listing Rule 19.11A, the corresponding equivalent standards apply to this report.
3. Dividends received may be classified either as cash flows from operating activities or cash flows from investing activities, depending on the accounting policy of the entity.
4. If this report has been authorised for release to the market by your board of directors, you can insert here: “By the board”. If it has been authorised for release to the market by a committee of your board of directors, you can insert here: “By the [name of board committee – eg Audit and Risk Committee]”. If it has been authorised for release to the market by a disclosure committee, you can insert here: “By the Disclosure Committee”.
5. If this report has been authorised for release to the market by your board of directors and you wish to hold yourself out as complying with recommendation 4.2 of the ASX Corporate Governance Council’s Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations, the board should have received a declaration from its CEO and CFO that, in their opinion, the financial records of the entity have been properly maintained, that this report complies with the appropriate accounting standards and gives a true and fair view of the cash flows of the entity, and that their opinion has been formed on the basis of a sound system of risk management and internal control which is operating effectively.
#SVML Sovereign Metals LTD – Outstanding Battery Anode Material Produced
Kasiya graphite concentrate confirmed to be an excellent feedstock for natural graphite anode materials suitable for battery production
· Kasiya natural graphite presents a unique, low-cost opportunity to develop lithium-ion battery supply chains outside of China
· Very high quality Coated Spherical Purified Graphite (CSPG) anode material produced from Kasiya graphite concentrate has performance characteristics comparable to the highest quality natural graphite battery material produced by dominant Chinese anode manufacturers
o Electrochemical testing achieved very high first cycle efficiencies of 94.2% to 95.8% supporting long battery life
o Excellent initial discharge capacities greater than 360mAh/g as required for highest quality natural graphite anode materials.
o Very low specific surface areas (known as BET) of ≤2.0m2/g minimising the loss of lithium in the first battery charging cycle
o Excellent tap densities of 1.11 to 1.18g/cm3 meaning higher electrical storage
· Outstanding anode material results are attributed to the unique geological setting of the highly weathered Kasiya orebody compared to fresh rock hosted graphite deposits, including:
o high purity of the natural flake,
o near perfect crystallinity, and
o very low levels of sulphur and other impurities.
· Further optimisation testwork to commence using additional concentrate being generated at pilot-scale facility in South Africa
· Results will form the basis for ongoing and future discussions with potential offtakers
Managing Director Frank Eagar commented: “These results confirm that Kasiya graphite concentrate will be an excellent anode material feedstock to the battery industry. Not only is the weathered, saprolite-hosted graphite easy to purify to very high-grades, the anode material produced meets the highest industry specifications. Along with the very low BET specific surface area and high tap densities (both resulting in excellent first cycle efficiencies and initial battery discharge capacities), Kasiya has the potential to become a dominant source of graphite supply ex-China. Combining these excellent results with one of the largest graphite resources globally, industry low operating costs and lowest global warming potential, Kasiya is presenting significant advantages over its graphite peers. We look forward to further testwork and market updates as we continue to develop Kasiya as a supplier of premium quality, cost competitive natural graphite concentrate.”
Classification 2.2: This announcement includes Inside Information
ENQUIRIES
|
Frank Eagar (South Africa/Malawi) +61(8) 9322 6322 |
Sam Cordin (Perth) |
Sapan Ghai (London)
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Nominated Adviser on AIM and Joint Broker |
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SP Angel Corporate Finance LLP |
+44 20 3470 0470 |
|
Ewan Leggat Charlie Bouverat |
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|
|
|
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Joint Brokers |
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|
Stifel |
+44 20 7710 7600 |
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Varun Talwar |
|
|
Ashton Clanfield |
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|
Berenberg |
+44 20 3207 7800 |
|
Matthew Armitt |
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Jennifer Lee |
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Buchanan |
+ 44 20 7466 5000 |
Sovereign Metals Limited (ASX:SVM; AIM:SVML; OTCQX: SVMLF) (the Company or Sovereign) is very pleased to announce an update on the downstream testwork conducted at leading independent consultancy ProGraphite GmbH (ProGraphite) in Germany.
The test work program demonstrated that CSPG produced from Kasiya natural flake graphite has performance characteristics comparable to the leading Chinese natural graphite anode materials manufacturers such as BTR New Material Group (BTR).
Electrochemical testing of the CSPG samples at a leading German institute achieved first cycle efficiencies (FCE) of 94.2% to 95.8%, with results above 95% a key specification for highest quality natural graphite anode materials under the Chinese standard.
Following spheronisation and purification testwork1 which produced spherical graphite with very high purities of 99.99%, the purified spherical graphite (PSG) samples were pitch coated and carbonised to produce CSPG.
The coating process produced CSPG with very low BET specific surface area of 2.0m2/g and lower and high tap densities of 1.11-1.18g/cm3 (Table 1).
A low specific surface area is required for anode materials to minimise the loss of lithium in forming a secondary protective coating on the anode material known as the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI). The pitch coating process also assists in increasing the density of the anode material as measured by the tap density – a higher density assists in storing more electrical energy in the lithium-ion battery.
|
Table 1: CSPG Results |
||||
|
CSPG Sample |
||||
|
Sample |
Units |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
D10 |
[µm] |
11.05 |
11.08 |
14.86 |
|
D50 |
[µm] |
17.46 |
17.27 |
23.71 |
|
D90 |
[µm] |
26.75 |
27.5 |
36.72 |
|
Tap Density |
[g/cm3] |
1.11 |
1.12 |
1.18 |
|
BET |
[m2/g] |
1.6 |
2.0 |
1.4 |
Electrochemical testing of the CSPG samples at a leading German institute achieved FCE of 94.2% to 95.8%, with results above 95% a key specification for highest quality natural graphite anode materials under the Chinese standard. A very high FCE minimises lithium losses in the initial formation cycles of a lithium-ion battery, supporting battery life. Kasiya CSPG also met the criteria for an initial discharge capacity of more than 360mAh/g (ampere-hours per gram) for highest quality anode materials, with initial capacities of 362-366mAh/g. These results will be used to fast-track discussions with potential offtakers.
|
Table 2: Electrochemical Results – China CSPG Standard |
|
|||||||||||
|
|
CSPG Sample |
China Standard GB/T-24533-2019
|
||||||||||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
Grade I |
Grade II |
Grade III |
|||||||
|
First Cycle Efficiency |
[%] |
95.8 |
94.2 |
95.8 |
≥95 |
≥93 |
≥91 |
|
||||
|
Initial Capacity |
[mAh/g] |
362 |
364 |
366 |
≥360 |
≥360 |
≥345 |
|
||||
Furthermore, the testwork demonstrated that CSPG produced from Kasiya natural flake graphite has initial performance characteristics comparable to the leading Chinese natural graphite anode materials manufacturers such as BTR. BTR has a 20-year track record in the production of lithium-ion battery anode materials, is a dominant player in the market and has recently concluded anode material offtake agreements with global automotive companies including Ford. BTR’s highest specification CSPG materials, that have low swelling, long cycle life, good processability and outstanding electrochemical performance include their GSN17 and LSG17 products (with D50 of 17.0+/- 1.5μm).
|
Table 3: Electrochemical Results – BTR CSPG products |
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|
|
CSPG Sample |
BTR3
|
||||||||
|
1 |
2 |
GSN 17 |
LSG 17 |
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|
First Cycle Efficiency |
[%] |
95.8 |
94.2 |
≥95 |
≥94 |
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||||
|
Initial Capacity |
[mAh/g] |
362 |
364 |
≥360 |
≥355 |
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||||
|
D50 |
[μm] |
17.5 |
17.3 |
17.0+/- 1.5 |
17.0+/- 1.5 |
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In December 2023, China imposed trade restrictions on graphite that required producers to apply to the government for permits to export high-grade graphite materials and related products. Given China’s dominance of natural graphite and graphite derived products such as CSPG, global EV production and Net Zero ambitions could be negatively impacted given the lack of anode industry development ex-China. In May 2024, the US government imposed a new 25% tariff on natural graphite from China, as part of a broader initiative that included an increase of tariffs on EVs and lithium-ion batteries.
High performance CSPG materials manufactured from Kasiya natural graphite present an opportunity for development of ex-China supply chains for battery anode materials. Sovereign believes that the outstanding electrochemical results for Kasiya CSPG are as a result of the unique geological setting of the Kasiya orebody. The near perfect crystallinity i.e. fully ordered graphite resulting from the very high metamorphic grade of the underlying host rock (paragneiss metamorphosed to granulite facies) and the high purity of the natural flake being assisted by the highly weathered nature of the ore.2 This is as opposed to fresh rock hosted graphite deposits which generally have much higher impurity levels including sulphur, which negatively impacts electrochemical performance. The very low sulphur profile of Kasiya graphite is due to the fact that the primary sulphide minerals have been altered to sulphates by the intense weathering. The sulphates are water soluble and are leached from the ore during weathering.
Further optimisation testwork for anode materials is planned, using additional graphite concentrate currently being generated at pilot-scale in South Africa. This material will also be used to provide offtaker evaluation samples.
A program for assessing Kasiya concentrate for traditional refractories and foundry applications has also been developed. The coarse component of the pilot plant concentrate will be used for this testwork program.
1 Refer to ASX Announcement “Downstream Testwork Demonstrates High Quality Graphite” dated 15 May 2024
2 Refer to ASX Announcement “Kasiya Graphite Shows Excellent Suitability For Use In Lithium Ion Batteries” dated 8 June 2023
3 BTR anode material specs taken from this webpage: https://www.btrchina.com/en/NegativeProducts/info.aspx?itemid=1069
Competent Person Statement
The information in this report that relates to Lithium-Ion Battery Testwork is based on information compiled by Dr Surinder Ghag, PhD., B. Eng, MBA, M.Sc., who is a Member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (MAusIMM). Dr Ghag is engaged as a consultant by Sovereign Metals Limited. Dr Ghag has sufficient experience, which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking, to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the ‘Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves’. Dr Ghag consents to the inclusion in the report of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.
The information in this report that relates to Exploration Results (table 1) is based on information compiled by Mr Samuel Moyle, a Competent Person who is a member of The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM). Mr Moyle is the Exploration Manager of Sovereign Metals Limited and a holder of ordinary shares and unlisted performance rights in Sovereign Metals Limited. Mr Moyle has sufficient experience that is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity being undertaken, to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the ‘Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves’. Mr Moyle consents to the inclusion in the report of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.
Forward Looking Statement
This release may include forward-looking statements, which may be identified by words such as “expects”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “projects”, “plans”, and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are based on Sovereign’s expectations and beliefs concerning future events. Forward looking statements are necessarily subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside the control of Sovereign, which could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements. There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be correct. Sovereign makes no undertaking to subsequently update or revise the forward-looking statements made in this release, to reflect the circumstances or events after the date of that release.
The information contained within this announcement is deemed by the Company to constitute inside information as stipulated under the Market Abuse Regulations (EU) No. 596/2014 as it forms part of UK domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (‘MAR’). Upon the publication of this announcement via Regulatory Information Service (‘RIS’), this inside information is now considered to be in the public domain.
Appendix 1: JORC Code, 2012 Edition – Table 1
SECTION 1 – SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND DATA
|
Criteria |
JORC Code explanation |
Commentary |
|
Sampling Techniques |
Nature and quality of sampling (e.g. cut channels, random chips, or specific specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate to the minerals under investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of sampling.
|
Metallurgical Composite Sample: The sample was a composite of 24 Hand Auger (HA) and Push Tube (PT) holes drilled in 2022 in the Kingfisher pit. All drilling samples within the pit shell were added to the composite resulting in a sample of 2,498kg. Specifically, the composite sample consisted of selected rutile mineralised zones from holes, NSHA0009, 0010, 0056, 0060, 0061, 0074, 0119, 0311, 0343, 0344, 0345, 0350 and NSPT 0011, 0013, 0014, 0015, 0017, 0020, 0021, 0023, 0024, 0025, 0026, 0027. The following workflow was used to generate a pre-concentrate graphite feed at AML: · Wet screen at 2mm to remove oversize · Two stage cyclone separation at a cut size of 45µm to remove -45µm material · Pass +45µm -2mm (sand) fraction through Up Current Classifier (UCC) · Pass UCC O/F through cyclone at cut point of 45µm · Pass UCC O/F cyclone U/F (fine) over MG12 Mineral Technologies Spiral · Pass UCC U/F (coarse) over MG12 Mineral Technologies Spiral · Spiral cons are combined for further processing. Fine and coarse gravity tailing samples contain approximately 75%-80% of the graphite present in the feed sample. The majority of the graphite lost is contained in the -45µm fines. |
|
Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity and the appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used.
|
Placer Consulting (Placer) Resource Geologists have reviewed Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the collection of HA and PT drill samples and found them to be fit for purpose. Drilling and sampling activities are supervised by a suitably qualified Company geologist who is present at all times. All bulk 1-metre drill samples are geologically logged by the geologist at the drill site. The primary metallurgical composite sample is considered representative for this style of mineralisation. |
|
|
Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to the Public Report. In cases where ‘industry standard’ work has been done this would be relatively simple (e.g. ‘reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge for fire assay’). In other cases more explanation may be required, such as where there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual commodities or mineralisation types (e.g. submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed information.
|
HA drilling was used to obtain 1-metre samples. The bulk metallurgical sample was a composite of selected samples from routine resource drilling. Existing rutile and graphite exploration results were used to determine the 1-metre intervals suitable to contribute to the two bulk sample composites. |
|
|
Drilling Techniques |
Drill type (e.g. core, reverse circulation, open‐hole hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (e.g. core diameter, triple or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face‐sampling bit or other type, whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc).
|
Hand-auger drilling is completed with 75mm diameter enclosed spiral bits with 1-metrelong steel rods. Each 1m of drill sample is collected into separate sample bags and set aside. The auger bits and flights are cleaned between each metre of sampling to avoid contamination. Placer has reviewed SOPs for hand-auger drilling and found them to be fit for purpose and support the resource classifications as applied to the MRE. |
|
Drill Sample Recovery |
Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries and results assessed.
|
The configuration of drilling and nature of materials encountered results in negligible sample loss or contamination. Samples are assessed visually for recoveries. Overall, recovery is good. Drilling is ceased when recoveries become poor generally once the water table has been encountered. Auger drilling samples are actively assessed by the geologist onsite for recoveries and contamination. |
|
Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure representative nature of the samples.
|
The Company’s trained geologists supervise auger drilling on a 1 team 1 geologist basis and are responsible for monitoring all aspects of the drilling and sampling process.
|
|
|
Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade and whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material.
|
No bias related to preferential loss or gain of different materials has occurred. |
|
|
Logging |
Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate Mineral Resource estimation mining studies and metallurgical studies.
|
All individual 1-metre auger intervals are geologically logged, recording relevant data to a set template using company codes.
|
|
Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or costean, channel, etc.) photography.
|
All logging includes lithological features and estimates of basic mineralogy. Logging is generally qualitative. |
|
|
The total length and percentage of the relevant intersection logged
|
100% of samples are geologically logged. |
|
|
Sub-sampling techniques and sample preparation |
If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core taken.
|
Not applicable – no core drilling conducted.
|
|
If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc. and whether sampled wet or dry. |
Primary individual 1-metre samples from all HA and PT holes drilled are sun dried, homogenised and riffle split.
|
|
|
For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the sample preparation technique.
|
Metallurgical Composite Sample: 1-metre intervals selected for the 2,498kg metallurgical sample were divided into weathering units. MOTT and PSAP material were combined and homogenised in preparation for dispatch to Australian laboratory Intertek for TGC assay. Per Australian import quarantine requirements the contributing SOIL/FERP material from within 2m of surface was kept separate to undergo quarantine heat treatment at Intertek Laboratory on arrival into Australia. The two sub samples (SOIL/FERP and MOTT/PSAP) were then dispatched from Intertek to AML Laboratory (AML). AML sub-sampled and assayed the individual lithologies prior to combining and homogenising the sample in preparation for test-work. |
|
|
Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to maximise representivity of samples.
|
The sample preparation techniques and QA/QC protocols are considered appropriate for the nature of this test-work.
|
|
|
Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in situ material collected, including for instance results for field duplicate/second-half sampling.
|
The sampling best represents the material in situ. |
|
|
Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material being sampled.
|
The sample size is considered appropriate for the nature of the test-work. |
|
|
Quality of assay data and laboratory tests |
The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is considered partial or total. |
Metallurgical Composite Sample: The following workflow was used to generate a graphite product; o Coarse and fine rougher graphite flotation o Polishing grind of coarse and fine rougher graphite concentrate o Cleaner flotation of coarse and fine graphite o Cleaner concentrate sizing at 180µm o Regrind of separate +180µm/-180µm fractions o Three stage recleaner flotation of +180µm/-180µm fractions
|
|
For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc., the parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument make and model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, etc.
|
Acceptable levels of accuracy and precision have been established. No handheld methods are used for quantitative determination.
|
|
|
Nature of quality control procedures adopted (e.g. standards, blanks, duplicate, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels of accuracy (i.e. lack of bias) and precision have been established.
|
Acceptable levels of accuracy and precision have been established in the preparation of the bulk sample composites. |
|
|
Verification of sampling & assaying |
The verification of significant intersections by either independent or alternative company personnel.
|
No drilling intersections are being reported. |
|
The use of twinned holes.
|
No twin holes completed in this program.
|
|
|
Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols. |
All data was collected initially on paper logging sheets and codified to the Company’s templates. This data was hand entered to spreadsheets and validated by Company geologists.
|
|
|
Discuss any adjustment to assay data.
|
No adjustment to assay data has been made.
|
|
|
Location of data points |
Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation.
|
A Trimble R2 Differential GPS is used to pick up the collars. Daily capture at a registered reference marker ensures equipment remains in calibration. No downhole surveying is completed. Given the vertical nature and shallow depths of the holes, drill hole deviation is not considered to significantly affect the downhole location of samples. |
|
Specification of the grid system used. |
WGS84 UTM Zone 36 South. |
|
|
Quality and adequacy of topographic control. |
DGPS pickups are considered to be high quality topographic control measures. |
|
|
Data spacing & distribution |
Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. |
Metallurgical Composite Sample: The hand-auger holes contributing to this metallurgical were selected from pit area Kingfisher and broadly represent early years of mining as contemplated in the PFS (Approximately the first three years).
It is deemed that these holes should be broadly representative of the mineralisation style in the general area.
|
|
Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied. |
Not applicable, no Mineral Resource or Ore Reserve estimations are covered by new data in this report. |
|
|
Whether sample compositing has been applied. |
Metallurgical Composite Sample: The sample was composited as described under Sampling Techniques in this Table.
|
|
|
Orientation of data in relation to geological structure |
Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of possible structures and the extent to which this is known considering the deposit type
|
No bias attributable to orientation of sampling has been identified. |
|
If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a sampling bias, this should be assessed and reported if material.
|
All holes were drilled vertically as the nature of the mineralisation is horizontal. No bias attributable to orientation of drilling has been identified. |
|
|
Sample security |
The measures taken to ensure sample security |
Samples are stored in secure storage from the time of drilling, through gathering, compositing and analysis. The samples are sealed as soon as site preparation is complete.
A reputable international transport company with shipment tracking enables a chain of custody to be maintained while the samples move from Malawi to Australia or Malawi to Johannesburg. Samples are again securely stored once they arrive and are processed at Australian laboratories. A reputable domestic courier company manages the movement of samples within Perth, Australia.
At each point of the sample workflow the samples are inspected by a company representative to monitor sample condition. Each laboratory confirms the integrity of the samples upon receipt. |
|
Audits or reviews |
The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data
|
It is considered by the Company that industry best practice methods have been employed at all stages of the exploration.
Malawi Field and Laboratory visits have been completed by Richard Stockwell in May 2022. A high standard of operation, procedure and personnel was observed and reported.
|
SECTION 2 – REPORTING OF EXPLORATION RESULTS
|
Criteria |
Explanation |
Commentary |
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Mineral tenement & land tenure status |
Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including agreements or material issues with third parties such as joint ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, native title interests, historical sites, wilderness or national park and environment settings. |
The Company owns 100% of the following Exploration Licences (ELs) under the Mines and Minerals Act 2019 (Malawi), held in the Company’s wholly-owned, Malawi-registered subsidiaries: EL0609, EL0582, EL0492, EL0528, EL0545, EL0561, EL0657 and EL0710. A 5% royalty is payable to the government upon mining and a 2% of net profit royalty is payable to the original project vendor. No significant native vegetation or reserves exist in the area. The region is intensively cultivated for agricultural crops. |
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The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with any known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate in the area. |
The tenements are in good standing and no known impediments to exploration or mining exist. |
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Exploration done by other parties
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Acknowledgement and appraisal of exploration by other parties. |
Sovereign Metals Ltd is a first-mover in the discovery and definition of residual rutile and graphite deposits in Malawi. |
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Geology |
Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation |
The rutile deposit type is considered a residual placer formed by the intense weathering of rutile-rich basement paragneisses and variable enrichment by eluvial processes. Rutile occurs in a mostly topographically flat area west of Malawi’s capital, known as the Lilongwe Plain, where a deep tropical weathering profile is preserved. A typical profile from top to base is generally soil (“SOIL” 0-1m) ferruginous pedolith (“FERP”, 1-4m), mottled zone (“MOTT”, 4-7m), pallid saprolite (“PSAP”, 7-9m), saprolite (“SAPL”, 9-25m), saprock (“SAPR”, 25-35m) and fresh rock (“FRESH” >35m). The low-grade graphite mineralisation occurs as multiple bands of graphite gneisses, hosted within a broader Proterozoic paragneiss package. In the Kasiya areas specifically, the preserved weathering profile hosts significant vertical thicknesses from near surface of graphite mineralisation. |
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Drill hole information |
A summary of all information material to the understanding of the exploration results including a tabulation of the following information for all Material drill holes: easting and northings of the drill hole collar; elevation or RL (Reduced Level-elevation above sea level in metres of the drill hole collar); dip and azimuth of the hole; down hole length and interception depth; and hole length |
All intercepts relating to the Kasiya Deposit have been included in public releases during each phase of exploration and in this report. Releases included all collar and composite data and these can be viewed on the Company website. There are no further drill hole results that are considered material to the understanding of the exploration results. Identification of the broad zone of mineralisation is made via multiple intersections of drill holes and to list them all would not give the reader any further clarification of the distribution of mineralisation throughout the deposit.
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If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that the information is not Material and this exclusion does not detract from the understanding of the report, the Competent Person should clearly explain why this is the case |
No information has been excluded. |
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Data aggregation methods |
In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging techniques, maximum and/or minimum grade truncations (e.g. cutting of high-grades) and cut-off grades are usually Material and should be stated. |
No data aggregation was required. |
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Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high-grade results and longer lengths of low grade results, the procedure used for such aggregation should be stated and some typical examples of such aggregations should be shown in detail. |
No data aggregation was required. |
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The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values should be clearly stated. |
Not applicable |
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Relationship between mineralisation widths & intercept lengths |
These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of Exploration Results. |
The mineralisation has been released by weathering of the underlying, layered gneissic bedrock that broadly trends NE-SW at Kasiya North and N-S at Kasiya South. It lies in a laterally extensive superficial blanket with high-grade zones reflecting the broad bedrock strike orientation of ~045° in the North of Kasiya and 360° in the South of Kasiya. No drilling intercepts are being reported. |
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If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole angle is known, its nature should be reported. |
The mineralisation is laterally extensive where the entire weathering profile is preserved and not significantly eroded. Minor removal of the mineralised profile has occurred where alluvial channels cut the surface of the deposit. These areas are adequately defined by the drilling pattern and topographical control for the resource estimate. |
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If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported, there should be a clear statement to this effect (e.g. ‘down hole length, true width not known’. |
No drilling intercepts are being reported. |
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Diagrams |
Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of intercepts should be included for any significant discovery being reported. These should include, but not be limited to a plan view of the drill collar locations and appropriate sectional views. |
Refer to figures in previous releases. These are accessible on the Company’s webpage. |
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Balanced reporting |
Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not practicable, representative reporting of both low and high-grades and/or widths should be practiced to avoid misleading reporting of exploration results. |
All results are included in this report and in previous releases. These are accessible on the Company’s webpage. |
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Other substantive exploration data |
Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be reported including (but not limited to: geological observations; geophysical survey results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples – size and method of treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical and rock characteristics; potential deleterious or contaminating substances. |
Limited lateritic duricrust has been variably developed at Kasiya, as is customary in tropical highland areas subjected to seasonal wet/dry cycles. Lithological logs record drilling refusal in just under 2% of the HA/PT drill database. No drilling refusal was recorded above the saprock interface by AC drilling. Sample quality (representivity) is established by geostatistical analysis of comparable sample intervals.
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Further work |
The nature and scale of planned further work (e.g. test for lateral extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step-out drilling). |
The Company is currently in a project optimisation phase with various work programs underway. |
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Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions, including the main geological interpretations and future drilling areas, provided this information is not commercially sensitive. |
Refer to diagrams in previous releases. These are accessible on the Company’s webpage. |
#SVML Sovereign Metals LTD – Increased Graphite Bulk Sample Capacity
Industrial scale spiral concentrator to be installed at Sovereign’s expanded laboratory and testing facility in Lilongwe in coming weeks
· Spiral throughput capacity of up to 10 tonnes per hour of ore for graphite and rutile sample preparation
· Installation and commissioning led by Sovereign’s Head of Project Development, Mr Paul Marcos, who previously worked for Base Resources on their Kwale and Toliara projects and for Iluka Resources across various mineral sands operations
· Final graphite concentrate for bulk sample battery anode testwork and qualification advancing under the supervision of Sovereign’s Chief Technology Officer – Graphite, Dr Surinder Ghag
· Sovereign is targeting a market-leading position as the world’s largest and lowest-cost producer of rutile for the titanium industry, and flake graphite for the lithium-ion battery market
Sovereign Metals Limited (ASX:SVM; AIM:SVML) (the Company or Sovereign) is pleased to announce that following the appointment of graphite specialist Dr Surinder Ghag as Chief Technology Officer – Graphite, the Company will be increasing graphite pre-concentrate sample preparation from its existing testing facility in Lilongwe, Malawi.
In the coming weeks, Sovereign will install and commission a spiral concentrator containing industrial-scale MG12 spiral equipment at the Company’s laboratory and testing facility in Lilongwe, enabling the preparation of rutile concentrate and graphite circuit feed from its Kasiya Rutile-Graphite Project (Kasiya or Project) at a bulk scale. The graphite circuit feed will be sent to specialised laboratories where flotation, purification, spheronisation and coating testwork for the battery anode segment will take place in line with Sovereign’s strategy to commercialise Kasiya’s graphite by-product.
Managing Director Frank Eagar commented: “The intellectual property that Dr Ghag and Mr Marcos bring to Sovereign has meant that we can expand and expedite our graphite commercialisation strategy significantly. The infrastructure, along with the ability to provide large amounts of graphite concentrate to the lithium-ion battery industry for battery anode product qualification, offers Sovereign a big advantage. With a world-class team in place and alongside our strategic investors, Rio Tinto, Kasiya is moving ahead at a considerable pace.”
The spiral concentrator is currently in its final stages of testing at engineering consultancy Paterson & Cooke’s Cape Town laboratory, after which it will be dispatched to Lilongwe, Malawi. The spiral is identical size and scale to that designed in the Pre-feasibility Study flowsheet for the Kasiya Rutile-Graphite Project and will have a throughput capacity of up to 10 tonnes of ore per hour for sample preparation.
Sovereign’s Head of Project Development, Mr Paul Marcos, has led the spiral installation project. Mr Marcos has 30 years of mineral sands operations, engineering, and consulting expertise. Before joining Sovereign in July 2021, Mr Marcos spent over ten years working on Base Resources Limited (Base) projects both in a design role with Ausenco and then on Base’s owner’s team.
Mr Marcos was involved with the original Kwale Project and then Kwale North and Kwale Phase 2 Projects in Kenya and also the Toliara Project’s Scoping, Pre-Feasibility and Definitive Feasibility Studies in Madagascar. Between 1996 and 2004, Mr Marcos worked at major mineral sands producer Iluka Resources Limited in a number of production, mineral processing and project development roles.
Sovereign’s newly appointed graphite specialist Chief Technology Officer – Graphite, Dr Surinder Ghag, will be responsible for graphite testwork programs and product qualification. A highly qualified metallurgist, Surinder brings over 25 years of industry experience, including developing graphite test work programs, ore-to-anode graphite strategies, anode plant feasibility studies, and project development and commissioning.
Figure 1: Final stages of assembling the spiral plant at Paterson & Cooke, South Africa
Classification 2.2: This announcement includes Inside Information
ENQUIRIES
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Frank Eagar (South Africa/Malawi) +61(8) 9322 6322 |
Sam Cordin (Perth) |
Sapan Ghai (London)
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Nominated Adviser on AIM and Joint Broker |
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SP Angel Corporate Finance LLP |
+44 20 3470 0470 |
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Ewan Leggat Charlie Bouverat |
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Joint Brokers |
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Stifel |
+44 20 7710 7600 |
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Varun Talwar |
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Ashton Clanfield |
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Berenberg |
+44 20 3207 7800 |
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Matthew Armitt |
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Jennifer Lee |
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Buchanan |
+ 44 20 7466 5000 |
The information contained within this announcement is deemed by the Company to constitute inside information as stipulated under the Market Abuse Regulations (EU) No. 596/2014 as it forms part of UK domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (‘MAR’). Upon the publication of this announcement via Regulatory Information Service (‘RIS’), this inside information is now considered to be in the public domain.
Forward Looking Statement
This release may include forward-looking statements, which may be identified by words such as “expects”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “projects”, “plans”, and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are based on Sovereign’s expectations and beliefs concerning future events. Forward looking statements are necessarily subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside the control of Sovereign, which could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements. There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be correct. Sovereign makes no undertaking to subsequently update or revise the forward-looking statements made in this release, to reflect the circumstances or events after the date of that release.